It is proven that high blood pressure is the result of arterial sclerosis and the cause of serious heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure on others.This decreases blood circulation and increases the load in the heart.
Norma and Pathology of Blood Pressure
The ideal blood pressure is the value of the 120/80 mm tonometro.RT. Art.Pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators stable the comfortable norm for humans by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation of blood pressure, differences during the day is a common occurrence.
| Hypertension stage | Systolic indicator (garden), mm.RT. Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm.RT. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Ideal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Standard | From 120 to 130 | 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 stages (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 Internships | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
Initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, light dizziness, bad sleep, flies before the eyes are taken by a person to signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without medical care.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can expect:
- infarction;
- Stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- stratification or aortic gap.
In the final stages of these diseases, a fatal result is possible.A particularly severe form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of the two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop in any medicine, the medications worsen the patient's condition.A person burns for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely related to risk factors that can be individual or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provocative factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Food: A diet of an atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), a daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: Increased pressure develops at 15% - aged 50 to 60 years, at 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years | Smoking is proven to be nicotine that blood pressure increases: a stroke and heart attack on smokers occurs 2-3 times more often than non-smokers that |
| Paulo: The prevalence of hypertension under the age of 40 in men is much larger than in women, later these differences are softened | Excessive coffee consumption every day is harmful to the tone of blood vessels, causing its spasm and automatically increasing the pressure |
| Obesity: Dependence between body mass and blood pressure level is a straight line.In addition, 10 kg increases the systolic indicator in 2-3 units and diastolic by 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, hypertension is due to overweight), weight loss leads to a decrease in pressure |
Flexive causes of increased pressure are stress, overwork, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overload, overly mental work |
| Personal characteristics: easily excited, ambitious, suspicious nervous system, dissatisfaction achieved, an indomitable desire for competition is the reasons why the pressure of very emotional people increases | A sedentary lifestyle: In hypodynamic people, the risk of hypertension is 25% higher than in physically active or trained (physical activity during work increases blood pressure and reduces during rest) |
| Race: Afro -Americans, mainly female, fall into the risk group | Alcoholism - Destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People prone to hypertension need to remind it that the pressure is still increasing, is: it is: irregular work day, night shifts, professional harm, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
Along with the thought -provoking moments or the background where hypertension occurs, specific causes caused by high pressure that may be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud lesion |
| Taking drugs: nastine, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Interruption of the function of the kidneys, heart, brain, liver |
| Background hormonal fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, chronic infection focuses |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of any genesis | Dyslipidemia and increasing the contents of the level of uric acid |
| Having elevators | Diabetes |
| Metensitivity | Tumors |
| For a long time not treated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of hypertension
With increasing pressure, a person begins to feel discomfort, whose first signs become:
- headaches, a feeling of tightening the temples with a rim;
- The feeling that the head is "obsolete";
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears, flashing the flies in front of the eyes;
- Unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.A person increases blood pressure for overwork, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually passes to bordering or land hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations such as a pendulum.Occurs at different ages and can be:
- youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- professional.
Its main resources are considered:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the US and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these borders;
- Standardization independent of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of change in organs -Eight: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody vessels;
- Symptomatic hypertension (secondary) excluded and reliable.
Constantly high blood pressure, without attention, will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- the tips of the cheeks, the sensation of heat throughout the body;
- Cold members with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- NARBATION;
- fatigue, nervousness without cause;
- tachycardia;
- pulsation in the temples;
- sweat or internal conversion;
- pasty consistency;
- anxiety;
- a feeling of complete emptiness, impotence;
- PREMUROKS, passed out;
- muscle cramps;
- Tremor of the arms and legs.
Greater pressure in pregnant women have their own special manifestations, this is:
- Clear deterioration in the well -SER;
- pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of the eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- vomit;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Weight in the legs.
Any of these signs or symptoms suggests tonometry and pursuing a doctor's timely.
What to do if the pressure increased?
High left pressure without attention can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney diseases.
Consider what needs to be done at home if hell has risen:
- to help a person find a convenient rest for relaxation (preferably half -Sitiving, in high pillows);
- Guarantee complete peace (without sound, without annoying light, without movements);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when stabilizing the blood pressure number, lower your legs on it for 10 minutes, which will provide a blood outlet from the head, improve well -Go;
- With an increase in pressure, you can put a mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5 to 15 minutes, make a compaction of apple cider vinegar at the feet;
- Relax in a chair or chair, straighten your back, deeply inspire your nose, expire with your mouth (5 times);
- You can bring high pressure on the back: In exhalation, you need to stop breathing for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- The massage of the acupuncture point under the lobe or half inch towards the nose, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible on the nose.
Without a doctor, waiting for himself, taking drugs is unacceptable.
Medication
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension, when the 160/90 and higher, strictly individual pressure, correlating with the cause of hypertension and the nature of their course.
| Drug groups | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace Blockers | Inhibit vasoconstricitive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excess fluids removes, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing calcium ions not associated with proteins necessary for the normal functioning of myocardium |
| Beta -blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha Blockers | Pressure in advance pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand ships, removing spasm |
| ANGIOTENSINA-2 Antagonists | Block the angiotensin of the kidneys, narrowing the vessels |
Possible complications
When the pressure increases, this implies dangerous disorders of the body:
- arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- hypoxia, ischemia of tissues and organs;
- Stenosis of arteries, capillaries;
- Violation of aldosterone synthesis with edema development, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- Reduction of renal function;
- atherosclerosis development;
MERBs in the metabolism system lead to acute life conditions (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help develop an individual program for high pressure prevention, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure in some units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- correct alternation of rest and work;
- Good sleep;
- Positive humor every day.
The elderly recommended the treatment of sanatorium resort.